MEANING OF ECONOMICS ENGINEERING SCOPE TIME VALUE OF MONEY DEPERICATION

UNIT I

Components and Geometric design of Railways : Requirement and capacity of railway tracks, Various gauges, typical cross sections, Coning of wheels and tilting of rails, Functions and requirements of component parts of a railway track, Wear and tear and creep of rails, Requirement and types of sleepers, rail fixtures, ballast, sub-grade and embankments, Geometric design of railway track, Horizontal curves, radius, super elevation, transition curves, safe speed on curves, different types of gradients, Grade compensation.

UNIT II

Railway operation and control : Points and crossings and their design, Track junctions and simple track

layouts, details of different types of stations and yards, signaling and interlocking, Various systems for control of train movements. Railway construction and maintenance: Construction of railway track, earthwork, plate laying and packing, maintenance of track alignment, renewal of component parts and track drainage, modern methods of track maintenance, Classification and causes of accidents and their prevention. 

Delhi Metro: Salient features of design, construction, operation and maintenance.

UNIT III

Tunneling: Considerations in tunneling, Tunnel alignment and grade, size and shape of a tunnel, methods of tunneling in hard rocks, Methods of tunneling in soft soils, compressed air and shield tunneling, shafts in tunnels, Safety measures, ventilation, lighting and drainage in tunnels

Docks and Harbours : Historical development of ports, harbours and docks, Tides, winds and waves, Causes and impact of Tsunami waves, Types of harbours, Types of docks, Break waters classification and types, Jetties, Landing stages and wharves.

UNIT IV

Airport planning and design: Traffic characteristics and operations, fleet requirements, component parts of airport and site selection, Runway design, Orientation, basic runway length, geometric design, design of taxiways and aprons, terminal area planning, facilities in terminal area and their planning concepts,

Environmental requirements for Airport projects, Design of Airport drainage system, Lightening of airport, Specific requirements for design of airport pavements.

UNIT I

Major and medium irrigation schemes of India, Command area development, Types of Soils and their suitability for irrigation, Root Zone soil water, Irrigation requirements, Irrigation water quality, Irrigation canal system, Duty of water, Canal losses, Estimation of design discharge of a canal, canal outlets, Canal regulation, Water logging, causes, effects and remedial measures. 

Alluvial channels carrying clear water and Sediment-Laden water, Evaporation and seepage losses in channels, Cross section of irrigation channels, Berms, Freeboard and service road, Silting of channels.

UNIT II

Sheet pile cut-off walls, Khosla’s theory and its applications, Correction for Floor Thickness, Correction for Mutual Interference of sheet piles, Correction for the slope of the floor, Method for determination of exit gradient, Uplift force on the floor of canal structure. Canal regulation structures, Canal Fall, Types of canal fall, Cistern element, Vertical/ Horizontal/Inclined impact Cisterns, No-Impact Cisterns, Roughening measures for energy dissipation such as Friction Block, Ribbed pitching and Provisions such as baffle wall/ deflector/dentated cill etc at the Downstream end of cistern system

Distributary Head Regulator and Cross Regulator and their Design criteria, Control of Sediment Entry into an offtaking channel.

UNIT III

Cross Drainage Structure, their need and types, Head loss through cross drainage structures, Design of Transitions for canal waterway using Hind’s Method, Upiri Method and Vittal and Chiranjeevi’s method, Canal Headworks, Selection of the site, Weir or Barrage, Undersluices, Divide Wall, Fish Ladder, Canal Head Regulator, Sediment Excluders and Sediment Ejector, Settling Basin, River Training for Canal Headworks. 

UNIT IV

Types of dams, Factors and General Design Criteria for Embankment Dams, Freeboard, Suitability of Foundation, Slope protection, Factors and General Design Criteria for Gravity Dams, Forces on gravity Dam, Causes of failure of a gravity Dam, Stability Analysis of Gravity Dams, Galleries and outlets. Main components of Spillway, Types of spillways, energy dissipaters, Cavitation erosion on spillway surface Classification/ behaviour of rivers, Cutoffs, Aggradation and Degradation, River Training and its objectives, River training Methods such as Levees, Spurs, Guide Banks, Design of Guide Bank and Bank Protection.

UNIT-I : Introductory Concepts of DBMS: Introduction and application of DBMS, Data Independence, Database System Architecture – levels, Mapping, Database users and DBA, Entity – Relationship model, constraints, keys, Design issues, E-R Diagram, Extended E-R features- Generalization, Specialization, Aggregation, Translating E-R model into Relational model.

    

UNIT-II : Relational Model: The relational Model, The catalog, Types, Keys, Relational Algebra, Fundamental operations, Additional Operations-, SQL fundamentals, DDL,DML,DCL PL/SQL Concepts, Cursors, Stored Procedures, Stored Functions, Database Integrity – Triggers.


UNIT-III: Functional Dependencies, Non-loss Decomposition, First, Second, Third Normal Forms, Dependency Preservation, Boyce/Codd Normal Form, Multi-valued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form, Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form.


UNIT-IV: Transaction Management: ACID properties, serializability of Transaction, Testing for Serializability and concurrency control, Lock based concurrency control (2PL, Deadlocks), Time stamping methods, Database recovery management.

Implementation Techniques: Overview of Physical Storage Media, File Organization, Indexing and Hashing, B+ tree Index Files, Query Processing Overview, Catalog Information for Cost Estimation, Selection Operation, Sorting, Join Operation, Materialized views, Database Tuning.